2024

Best 13 Types of Abhyanga With Morden Research & Classical Ayurvedic Texts
Ayurveda, Blog

Abhyanga & Massage Therapies (Oil and Pressure-Based) in Ayurveda Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, places great emphasis on holistic well-being through natural practices. One of the most profound and effective therapies in Ayurveda is massage therapy, particularly Abhyanga and other oil-based and pressure-based massages. These therapies are designed to balance the body’s doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), detoxify the system, and rejuvenate the body and mind. In this article, we will explore various types of Ayurvedic massage therapies, their descriptions, and references to classical texts, providing a deep dive into their benefits and significance. 1. Abhyanga (Full-Body Oil Massage) Abhyanga is one of the most commonly practiced therapies in Ayurveda, involving the application of warm, medicated oils all over the body. This therapy is particularly effective in balancing Vata dosha, which is associated with dryness, cold, and instability. Benefits: classical Ayurvedic texts: अभ्यङ्गं आचरेत् नित्यं स जराश्रमवातहा। दृष्टिप्रसादपुष्ट्यायुः स्वप्नसुत्वक्त्वक्दृढकृत्॥(Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana, Chapter 5, Verse 85)Meaning: Regular oil massage prevents aging, fatigue, and excess Vata, improves vision, enhances nourishment and longevity, promotes good sleep, and strengthens the skin. 2. Shiro Abhyanga (Head Oil Massage) Shiro Abhyanga is a specialized form of Abhyanga where oil is applied to the scalp and head. It is a deeply relaxing therapy that promotes mental clarity, reduces headaches, and supports hair growth. Benefits: classical Ayurvedic texts : मूर्ध्नि तैलं दद्याद्वयोः प्रतिघातम्।(Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, Chapter 2, Verse 8)Meaning: Applying oil to the head protects against the ill effects of aging and pacifies Vata. 3. Padabhyanga (Foot Massage) In Padabhyanga, oil is applied to the feet, focusing on the nerve endings and marma points (vital points). It is a grounding practice that not only soothes the feet but also improves overall well-being. Benefits: classical Ayurvedic texts : पादाभ्यङ्गं सदा कार्यं क्षीरदृष्टिप्रसादनम्।(Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana, Chapter 2, Verse 8)Meaning: Daily foot massage improves vision, induces sound sleep, and relieves fatigue. 4. Pizhichil (Oil Bath Massage) Pizhichil is a traditional Ayurvedic therapy that involves pouring warm, medicated oil over the entire body in rhythmic patterns. It is often referred to as the “royal treatment” due to its luxurious and soothing nature. Benefits: While Pizhichil is not directly mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts, it is derived from the broader practice of Snehan (oleation) and Swedana (sudation) therapies, which are described in the Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. 5. Udvartana (Powder Massage for Detox) Udvartana is a unique massage therapy that involves the application of herbal powders instead of oil. This therapy is primarily used for detoxification and is especially beneficial for reducing Kapha dosha. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : कफमेदःहरं कुर्यात् उद्वर्तनं विशेषतः।(Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana, Chapter 5, Verse 90)Meaning: Udvartana is particularly beneficial for reducing Kapha and excess fat. 6. Sarvanga Dhara (Oil Pouring Therapy) Sarvanga Dhara is an oil-pouring therapy where medicated oil is gently poured over the entire body in a continuous stream. This therapy is deeply calming and is used to relieve fatigue, stress, and improve circulation. Benefits: This therapy is a variation of Dhara, as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya, where similar oil-pouring techniques like Shirodhara are described. 7. Sarvanga dhara (Full-Body Oil Bath) Similar to Pizhichil, Sarvangadhara involves the continuous pouring of medicated oil over the body, but the focus is on full-body rejuvenation and relaxation. This therapy is particularly beneficial for skin health and revitalizing the body. Benefits: Though not explicitly mentioned in classical texts, this therapy falls under Snehan (oleation) and rejuvenation therapies outlined in Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. It’s similar to Sarvanga Dhara (Oil Pouring Therapy) 8. Chavitti Uzhichil (Foot-Based Massage) A unique massage technique from Kerala, Chavitti Uzhichil involves the therapist using their feet to apply pressure to the body. It is part of the Kalaripayattu martial art tradition and is known for its ability to relieve deep-seated tension in the muscles. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : Though Chavitti Uzhichil is not found in classical Ayurvedic texts, it has roots in Marma therapy and the Kalaripayattu tradition of Kerala. 9. Droni Massage (Full-Body Massage on Wooden Table) Droni Massage is performed on a traditional wooden table called a “Droni.” This massage is usually part of Abhyanga and focuses on the entire body, using rhythmic strokes and warm oils to balance the doshas. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : This practice is closely related to the general principles of Snehan and Swedana therapies described in Charaka Samhita. 10. Marma Therapy (Vital Point Stimulation Massage) Marma Therapy focuses on stimulating the Marma points (vital energy points) of the body to release energy blockages and restore health. Each marma point is connected to specific organs and systems within the body. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : मर्माणामभिघातो हि प्राणानां क्षयवहनः।(Sushruta Samhita, Sharira Sthana, Chapter 6, Verse 38)Meaning: Injury to a marma (vital point) can lead to a decrease in life force, emphasizing the importance of Marma therapy in protecting these vital points. 11. Mamsa Abhyanga (Deep Tissue Massage) Mamsa Abhyanga is a deep tissue massage that targets the muscles (mamsa) and is particularly effective for relieving chronic pain, stiffness, and muscular tension. It involves the use of medicated oils and deeper pressure techniques. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : This therapy is a form of Snehan (oleation) discussed in classical Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita, where deep tissue oiling is recommended for balancing Vata. 12. Kalari Massage (Martial Art-Based Massage) Rooted in the martial art tradition of Kalaripayattu, Kalari Massage uses deep pressure techniques to improve flexibility, circulation, and strength. It is commonly used by practitioners of martial arts for recovery and injury prevention. Benefits: Classical Ayurvedic texts : Although not mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts, Kalari massage is closely related to Marma therapy, which is described in Sushruta Samhita. 13. Ashwagandha Bala Lakshadi Taila (Strength and Rejuvenation Oil Massage) This specialized oil massage uses a blend of Ashwagandha, Bala, and Laksha to strengthen and rejuvenate the body. Ashwagandha Bala Lakshadi Taila is particularly beneficial for individuals suffering from weakness, fatigue, and muscle wasting. This oil is known to nourish the muscles, bones, and nerves, promoting overall vitality

Ayurveda market growth 2024
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The Rise of the Ayurveda Wellness Market in 2024: Personalized, Science-Backed, and Technology-Integrated In 2024, Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is experiencing a remarkable transformation. With growing global interest in natural health solutions and holistic wellness, Ayurveda is becoming a major player in the $1.8 trillion global wellness industry. The essence of Ayurveda lies in its natural, holistic approach to healing, which emphasizes balancing the body, mind, and spirit. This article explores how Ayurveda is evolving in response to modern consumer demands, the role of technology in enhancing its reach, and how scientific validation is helping it gain more credibility. The Global Wellness Industry: A Growing Market for Ayurveda Expanding Demand for Natural and Holistic Health Solutions The wellness industry has seen tremendous growth over the past few decades, largely driven by increasing consumer awareness of health and lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. As more people seek to prevent these conditions through natural and holistic means, they are turning away from processed foods, synthetic medications, and quick-fix solutions. Instead, they are opting for wellness practices that support overall health and longevity. Ayurveda, which focuses on natural remedies and balancing the body, is perfectly positioned to meet this growing demand. Ayurveda’s Core Philosophy: Balancing the Body, Mind, and Spirit Ayurveda is based on the concept of balancing the three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each person has a unique combination of these doshas, and when one or more doshas are out of balance, it can lead to physical or mental health issues. Ayurvedic treatments aim to restore this balance through a combination of diet, lifestyle changes, and natural remedies such as herbs and oils. For centuries, people have turned to Ayurveda to treat ailments, improve digestion, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being. Today, more people are rediscovering these ancient practices as they look for natural ways to take care of their health. Personalization: Meeting Modern Consumer Expectations The Rise of Personalized Wellness Solutions In 2024, one of the most important trends in the wellness industry is the demand for personalization. Modern consumers, especially Millennials and Gen Z, are no longer interested in generic health products and treatments. Instead, they want wellness solutions that are tailored to their individual needs. Ayurveda, which has always emphasized individualized treatment, is naturally suited to this trend. Ayurveda’s Personalized Approach to Health Ayurveda views every individual as unique. No two people are alike, and therefore, no two treatments should be the same. In Ayurveda, an individual’s treatment plan is based on their specific dosha balance, lifestyle, age, body type, and even the season. For example, someone with a Vata imbalance may be prescribed warming foods, stress-relieving herbs, and grounding exercises, while someone with a Pitta imbalance might need cooling foods and relaxation techniques to restore their balance. This highly personalized approach is one of the reasons why Ayurveda is so effective for many people. Technology in Ayurveda: Making Ancient Wisdom More Accessible AI and Data-Driven Personalization In recent years, technology has revolutionized the way we approach wellness. Ayurveda is no exception. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analysis are now being used to offer even more personalized Ayurvedic treatments. For example, AI algorithms can analyze a person’s health data—such as their sleep patterns, heart rate, and stress levels—and use that information to provide tailored Ayurvedic recommendations. These recommendations might include specific herbs, diet plans, and lifestyle changes based on the individual’s unique needs. By integrating AI into Ayurveda, practitioners can provide more precise and effective treatments, making it easier for people to benefit from this ancient system of medicine. This technology-driven approach also allows consumers to receive personalized Ayurvedic advice through apps and online platforms, making Ayurveda more accessible to people all over the world. Wearable Technology in Ayurvedic Wellness Another significant advancement in Ayurveda is the use of wearable technology. Wearables, such as fitness trackers and health-monitoring devices, are becoming more popular in the wellness industry. These devices track health metrics like heart rate, sleep quality, and stress levels, providing real-time data on a person’s well-being. In the context of Ayurveda, wearables can be used to detect imbalances in the doshas and suggest specific lifestyle changes or treatments to restore balance. For example, if a wearable device detects that a person is experiencing high stress levels, it might suggest calming Ayurvedic practices such as meditation, breathing exercises, or specific herbs that help reduce stress and anxiety. This real-time feedback helps individuals stay more in tune with their bodies and make informed decisions about their health based on Ayurvedic principles. At-Home Diagnostic Kits: Ayurveda at Your Fingertips The demand for at-home wellness solutions has also fueled the development of Ayurvedic diagnostic kits. These kits allow individuals to assess their health and dosha balance from the comfort of their own homes. For example, a kit might include tools to evaluate digestion, stress levels, or skin health, along with personalized Ayurvedic recommendations for diet, herbal supplements, and lifestyle changes. At-home diagnostic kits provide a convenient and affordable way for people to engage with Ayurvedic practices. They are especially useful for those who may not have access to a traditional Ayurvedic practitioner but still want to incorporate Ayurveda into their daily lives【8†source】【9†source】. Scientific Validation: Building Credibility for Ayurveda Meeting the Demand for Evidence-Based Wellness While Ayurveda has been practiced for thousands of years, modern consumers are increasingly looking for wellness solutions that are backed by scientific evidence. As a result, Ayurvedic companies and practitioners are investing in scientific research to validate the effectiveness of their treatments and products. One of the main challenges that Ayurveda has faced in the modern world is the lack of clinical trials and scientific studies to support its claims. However, recent research on Ayurvedic herbs and treatments is beginning to fill this gap. For example, studies on herbs like Ashwagandha have shown that it can reduce stress and improve cognitive function, while Turmeric has been proven to have powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Ongoing Research and Clinical Trials Ayurvedic companies are

Ayurvedic Dermatology
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General Introduction Ayurvedic dermatology, as part of the ancient Indian healing system Ayurveda, provides a holistic approach to skincare. With over 5,000 years of history, Ayurveda treats the skin not just as an isolated organ but as an integral part of overall health and wellness. This comprehensive approach focuses on bringing balance to the entire body, mind, and spirit, which is believed to reflect outwardly as radiant and healthy skin. Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic Dermatology In Ayurvedic philosophy, each person has a unique combination of three primary energies or doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. These doshas represent different elemental qualities: Vata (Air and Space): Governs movement and is associated with dry, rough, and thin skin. When Vata is imbalanced, it can result in dryness, dehydration, premature aging, and conditions like eczema. Pitta (Fire and Water): Relates to metabolism and is often associated with oily and sensitive skin. Pitta imbalances can lead to inflammatory skin conditions like acne, rosacea, rashes, and redness. Kapha (Earth and Water): Associated with structure and lubrication, Kapha generally produces thick, oily, and smooth skin. Excess Kapha can cause issues like excessive oiliness, clogged pores, and cystic acne. Ayurvedic dermatology aims to understand each individual’s unique doshic constitution (Prakriti) and current doshic imbalance (Vikriti). By identifying which dosha is out of balance, treatments can be customized to restore harmony, thereby promoting skin health. Key Components of Ayurvedic Dermatology 1. Herbal Remedies and Plant-Based Ingredients: Ayurveda utilizes a vast array of herbs and natural ingredients to address specific skin concerns. Some commonly used herbs include:    – Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, turmeric is a popular remedy for acne and skin brightening.    – Neem: Valued for its powerful antibacterial and antifungal properties, neem helps combat acne, eczema, and other skin infections.    – Aloe Vera: Used to soothe and hydrate the skin, aloe vera is effective for sunburns, dryness, and irritation.    – Sandalwood: Recognized for its cooling and anti-inflammatory effects, sandalwood is often used to treat Pitta-related skin issues like rashes and redness.    – Manjistha (Indian Madder): Known for its blood-purifying properties, it helps in treating hyperpigmentation and supports even skin tone.    Ayurvedic herbal treatments are typically applied in the form of pastes, powders, oils, or poultices directly on the skin or taken internally to promote overall wellness and detoxification. 2. Oil Massage (Abhyanga) and Skin Nourishment:  Abhyanga is a daily self-massage practice with warm herbal oils. This technique is believed to nourish the skin, improve circulation, and eliminate toxins. The choice of oil is tailored to balance specific doshas:    – Sesame Oil: Warm and grounding, this is beneficial for Vata dosha due to its deeply moisturizing properties.    – Coconut Oil: Cooling and light, it is ideal for Pitta dosha to soothe sensitive skin and reduce inflammation.    – Almond Oil: Gentle and moisturizing, it can support Kapha dosha by improving circulation without adding excess oiliness.    Abhyanga not only rejuvenates the skin but also reduces stress, improves lymphatic drainage, and supports the body’s detoxification processes. 3. Diet and Nutritional Support for Skin Health:    In Ayurveda, diet is integral to skin health. The Ayurvedic approach to nutrition focuses on consuming fresh, seasonal, and organic foods that support one’s doshic balance. Key dietary guidelines include:   – Vata: Warm, moist, and grounding foods like cooked grains, root vegetables, and ghee help to counteract dryness and promote hydration.   – Pitta: Cooling foods such as cucumbers, melons, leafy greens, and coconut water reduce internal heat and inflammation.   – Kapha: Light, dry, and spicy foods like beans, greens, and ginger can help counterbalance oiliness and promote detoxification.    Ayurveda also recommends avoiding processed foods, excessive sugar, and caffeine, as these can disrupt the doshas and lead to skin issues. Hydration with herbal teas and ample water intake is also emphasized to keep the skin moisturized and clear. 4. Detoxification and Panchakarma Therapy:    Panchakarma, an Ayurvedic detoxification therapy, is central to maintaining healthy skin. This intensive cleansing process involves techniques like:   – Swedana (Steam Therapy): Opens pores and encourages sweating to eliminate toxins.   – Virechana (Herbal Laxatives): Helps cleanse the digestive system and liver, which is believed to improve skin clarity.   – Nasya (Nasal Cleansing): Clears toxins from the respiratory system and head region, which can impact skin health.    By purifying the body internally, Panchakarma can address chronic skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema at their root cause. 5. Yoga, Meditation, and Breathwork (Pranayama): Stress is a significant factor in many skin conditions, and Ayurveda addresses this through mind-body practices. Yoga poses (asanas) that improve circulation and detoxification are recommended, along with meditation to reduce stress. Pranayama, or breathwork, helps in balancing the mind and body, promoting mental clarity, and improving oxygenation of the skin. 6. Natural Exfoliants, Cleansers, and Skin Rituals:  Ayurvedic skincare incorporates gentle exfoliants and cleansers that avoid harsh chemicals. Common natural ingredients include:   – Gram Flour (Besan): A mild exfoliant that can remove dead skin cells and brighten the complexion.   – Honey: Naturally hydrating and antibacterial, honey helps cleanse and soften the skin.   – Rose Water: Used as a toner to balance the skin’s pH, reduce redness, and refresh the complexion.    Ayurvedic beauty rituals also involve herbal face masks, milk baths, and mud masks that draw out impurities, improve skin texture, and provide nourishment. Ayurvedic Approach to Specific Skin Conditions – Acne and Inflammation: For Pitta-related issues, Ayurvedic treatments include cooling and purifying herbs such as neem, turmeric, and sandalwood. Dietary modifications that limit spicy, oily, and acidic foods are recommended. – Dryness and Premature Aging: Often related to Vata imbalances, dryness is treated with nourishing oils and hydrating herbs. Internal treatments include consuming healthy fats and oils, while externally, abhyanga with sesame oil provides moisture and elasticity. – Hyperpigmentation and Uneven Skin Tone: Manjistha, turmeric, and licorice root are commonly used for hyperpigmentation. Regular application of these herbs, combined with antioxidant-rich foods, can help balance melanin production and brighten the complexion. The

Physiology instrument
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1. Kymograph A kymograph is a scientific instrument used to record changes in pressure, motion, or other physiological processes over time. It was originally invented in the 19th century for medical research and has been used extensively in physiology and pharmacology. The device consists of a rotating drum covered with paper, onto which a pen records fluctuations in parameters like blood pressure or muscle contractions. Classification: a. Mechanical Kymograph: These have a rotating drum operated by a spring or motor, recording changes mechanically. b. Electronic Kymograph: These versions use sensors and electronic outputs for more precise recordings and can store data digitally. c. Phonokymograph: A special type used to record sounds, like those of the heart. 2. Tonometer : A tonometer is a medical device used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP), crucial for diagnosing conditions like glaucoma. By determining the pressure inside the eye, doctors can assess whether the optic nerve is at risk of damage. Major Classification: a. Applanation Tonometer: Measures the force required to flatten a small part of the cornea. b. Indentation Tonometer (Schiötz): Measures the depth of indentation made on the cornea by a known weight. c. Rebound Tonometer: Measures IOP using the motion of a small probe that bounces off the cornea. d. Non-contact Tonometer (Air-Puff): Uses a puff of air to flatten the cornea, measuring the time it takes for this to occur. 3. Capnometer : A capnometer is a device used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases. It is particularly useful in monitoring patients during anesthesia, intensive care, and during mechanical ventilation. Classification: a. Mainstream Capnometer: Directly measures CO2 from the patient’s airway by placing the sensor in the breathing circuit. b. Sidestream Capnometer: Extracts a sample of exhaled gases from the patient’s airway and analyzes it in a separate sensor. 4. Infrared Thermometer : An infrared thermometer measures temperature from a distance by detecting the infrared radiation emitted by an object or body. It is commonly used in healthcare settings for non-contact measurement of body temperature, and in industrial applications to measure the temperature of machinery or processes. Classification: A. Ear (Tympanic) Infrared Thermometer: Measures the temperature inside the ear canal. B. Forehead (Temporal) Infrared Thermometer: Measures the temperature of the forehead skin. C. Industrial Infrared Thermometer: Measures the temperature of equipment or surfaces in industrial settings 5. Microtome : A microtome is an instrument used to cut extremely thin slices of material, typically biological tissues, for examination under a microscope. These slices are essential for preparing samples for histology or pathology studies. Classification: A. Rotary Microtome: Uses a rotating mechanism to slice samples, typically in paraffin wax blocks. B. Cryostat Microtome: A specialized microtome that cuts frozen tissue sections. C. Sliding Microtome: The sample remains stationary while the cutting blade slides back and forth. D. Ultramicrotome: Used for cutting ultra-thin sections, primarily in electron microscopy. 6. Electrolyte Analyzer : An electrolyte analyzer measures the concentrations of essential electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and bicarbonate in biological fluids, such as blood or urine. These measurements are crucial for monitoring metabolic conditions and electrolyte imbalances in clinical settings. Classification: A. ISE (Ion Selective Electrode) Electrolyte Analyzer: Uses ion-selective electrodes to measure the concentration of specific ions. B. Flame Photometry Electrolyte Analyzer: Measures ion concentration based on the light emitted by ions in a flame. C. Automated Multi-Analyte Systems: Can simultaneously measure multiple electrolytes and other blood components using automated systems. 7. Lactate Analyzer A lactate analyzer is a device used to measure the concentration of lactate in the blood. Lactate levels provide important information about tissue oxygenation and metabolic function, and they are crucial in various medical and sports performance settings. Elevated lactate levels are often seen in cases of strenuous exercise or in conditions like lactic acidosis. Classification: A. Portable Handheld Lactate Analyzer: Used in sports to monitor lactate levels in athletes during training. B. Laboratory-based Lactate Analyzer: Provides more accurate readings for clinical settings. C. Point-of-Care Lactate Analyzer: Designed for quick assessments in emergency or critical care units. 8. Hydrometer A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity or density of liquids in relation to water. It’s commonly used in brewing, winemaking, and other chemical processes to determine the concentration of solutions, such as sugar in water. Classification: A. Alcohol Hydrometer: Measures the alcohol content in a liquid, primarily used in brewing or distillation. B. Battery Hydrometer: Used to measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte solution in batteries. C. Lactometer: A specialized hydrometer for measuring the purity or fat content of milk. D. Salinometer: Used to measure the salinity of water, especially in marine applications. 9. Spirograph A spirograph, or spirometer, is a device used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs. It’s widely used in pulmonary function tests to diagnose conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders. Classification: A. Volume-Displacement Spirometer: Measures lung volume directly by recording the amount of air displaced in a chamber. B. Flow-Sensing Spirometer: Uses a sensor to measure airflow, then calculates lung volumes. C. Digital Spirometer: A modern, portable version that provides digital outputs and graphs, often equipped with software for data analysis. 10. Osmometer An osmometer is used to measure the osmolarity or concentration of solutes in a solution. It is especially important in clinical laboratories for measuring the osmotic concentration of blood, urine, and other fluids to diagnose imbalances in electrolyte levels. Classification: A. Vapor Pressure Osmometer: Measures the concentration by determining the reduction in vapor pressure of the solution. B. Freezing Point Depression Osmometer: Measures the freezing point of a solution, which decreases as solute concentration increases. C. Membrane Osmometer: Determines osmotic pressure by separating solutes with a semipermeable membrane. 11. Accelerometer An accelerometer is a device that measures acceleration forces, which can be static (like gravity) or dynamic (caused by movement). It’s commonly used in smartphones, fitness trackers, cars, and industrial applications to detect motion, orientation, and vibration. Classification: A.

Physiology instruments
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1. Audiometer : An audiometer is an instrument used to measure hearing acuity. It generates sounds at various frequencies and intensities to determine hearing thresholds. Classification: 2. Refractometer : A refractometer measures the refractive index of a substance, often used to determine the concentration of solutes in a liquid. Classification: 3. Flow Cytometer : Flow cytometers are used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles as they pass through a laser beam. Classification: 4. Hemocytometer : A hemocytometer is a device used to manually count cells, such as blood cells, in a defined volume of fluid. Classification: 5. Pulse Transducer : A pulse transducer measures the pulse rate by detecting changes in blood volume in arteries. Classification: 6. Optometer : An optometer measures the refractive power of the eye, helping to assess vision correction needs. Classification: 7. Urinalysis Strips : Urinalysis strips are diagnostic tools used to detect substances in urine, such as glucose, protein, or pH levels. Classification: 8. Defibrillator : A defibrillator delivers a dose of electric current to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. Classification: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)Example: AED used in emergency cardiac arrest. 9.Glucometer : A glucometer measures blood glucose levels, commonly used by diabetics for monitoring. Classification: 10. Heart Rate Monitor : A heart rate monitor tracks heart rate, either continuously or on-demand, often used in fitness and medical settings. Classification: Tracks heart rate in real-time Other link If you have any queries regarding this article reach us @globeayush-com and Contact us

Physiology instrument
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1. Treadmill Machine Introduction: A treadmill is a device used for walking, running, or climbing while staying in the same place. It is commonly used for cardiovascular exercise and fitness training. Major Classification: 2. Metronome : Introduction: A metronome is a device used by musicians to keep a steady tempo by producing regular, metrical ticks or beats. Major Classification: 3. Calorimeter : Introduction: A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat involved in chemical reactions or physical changes.Major Classification: 4. Stethoscope : Introduction: A stethoscope is a medical device used to listen to internal sounds of the body, such as the heartbeat and lungs.Major Classification: 5. Thermometer : Introduction: A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature.Major Classification: 6. Pulse Oximeter : Introduction: A pulse oximeter is a device that measures the oxygen saturation level of the blood and pulse rate. Major Classification: 7. Goniometer : Introduction: A goniometer is a device used to measure angles or the range of motion in joints. Major Classification: 8. Galvanometer : Introduction: A galvanometer is an instrument used for detecting and measuring electric current. Major Classification: Detects small electrical currents, used in electrophysiology. 9. Manometer : Introduction: A manometer is used to measure the pressure of gases or liquids. Major Classification: 10. Biopac System : Introduction: The Biopac system is a comprehensive physiological data acquisition and analysis tool used in research and education. Major Classification: Used for recording and analyzing physiological signals. For other physiology instruments visit our part 1 post If you have any queries regarding this article reach us @globeayush-com and Click here for Contact us

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TABLE OF CONTENT Here is a list of most important instruments commonly used in physiology labs, along with a brief description for each 1. Microscope: A microscope is an instrument used to magnify and view objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. There are several types of microscopes: 2. Spirometer : A spirometer is a device used to measure lung function, specifically the volume of air inhaled and exhaled. It helps diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions. Types of spirometers include: 3. Electrocardiograph (ECG) Machine : An ECG (Electrocardiogram) is a medical test that records the electrical activity of the heart to detect abnormalities. It helps diagnose heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac issues. Types of ECG include: 4. Sphygmomanometer : A sphygmomanometer is a device used to measure blood pressure, which helps assess cardiovascular health. It consists of a cuff, a measuring unit, and often a stethoscope to listen to blood flow. Types of sphygmomanometers include: 5. Spectrophotometer: A spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the intensity of light absorbed by a solution at different wavelengths. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and medical labs for quantitative analysis of substances. Types of spectrophotometers include: 6. Centrifuge : A centrifuge is a device used to separate substances of different densities in a liquid by spinning them at high speeds. It is widely used in laboratories for separating components like cells, proteins, or chemicals. Types of centrifuges include: 7. Polygraph : A polygraph, commonly known as a lie detector, is a device that measures physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity to determine if a person is being deceptive. Types of polygraphs include: 8. pH Meter : A pH meter is an instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution by detecting its hydrogen ion concentration. It is commonly used in laboratories, agriculture, and water testing. Types of pH meters include: Continuous pH Meter: Monitors pH levels in real-time, often used in industrial processes. Benchtop pH Meter: Stationary and highly accurate, used in labs for precise measurements. Portable pH Meter: Lightweight and battery-powered, ideal for fieldwork and on-site testing. Pen pH Meter: Compact and easy to use, suitable for quick and general pH measurements. 9. Blood Glucose Meter : A blood glucose meter is a medical device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood, helping individuals with diabetes monitor and manage their blood sugar levels. Types of blood glucose meters include: Talking Glucose Meter: Designed for visually impaired individuals, providing audio readings of blood glucose levels. Standard Glucose Meter: Requires a blood sample from a finger prick, providing quick readings. Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM): Worn on the body, it continuously tracks glucose levels and alerts users of highs and lows. Flash Glucose Monitor: Allows users to scan a sensor on the skin for real-time glucose readings without constant finger pricks. 10. Oscilloscope : An oscilloscope is an electronic instrument used to visualize and analyze the varying voltage signals over time. It is essential for testing, debugging, and designing electrical circuits by providing real-time waveform analysis. Types of oscilloscopes include: If you have any queries regarding this article reach us @globeayush-com

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Ayurveda is one of the ancient sciences of India, which has described various health related topics that are surprisingly applicable even for today’s world. In this modern world even though we have many advancements in health sector, there are lot of people who are getting affected with various diseases. Everyone desire for a disease free life to improve their quality of living. Because, it is said that to attain chaturvidha purusharthas[Dharma-Artha-Kama-Moksha], health is the very crucial. This is explained as AROGA(A means NO, ROGA means DISEASE; which means disease free) in Ayurveda and the one possessing it is AROGYA Dharma-Artha-Kama-Mokshanam __ Arogyam mulam, utthamamHealth is the important and superior factor to achieve our goals of righteousness, wealth, gratification of desires and aspirations, attainment of liberation Charaka Samhitha: Sutra 1/14 1. RESORTING TO WHOLESOME DIET AND REGIMENS *HITHAAHARA-VIHARASEVI* People who prioritise health over anything have realised the fact that health improve quality of life and it is necessary for understanding life and achieving what we want in life. So, they tend to eat healthy, enjoy life, stay active, explore new everyday. Healthy people often resort to wholesome diet and regimens with proper knowledge about their body nature and eat according to their body needs, have proper regimen through out the day which help them to be focussed on their targets and improve themselves every single day 2. DOING SOMETHING ONLY AFTER PROPER KNOWLEDGE AND OBSERVATION *SAMEEKSHYAKARI* Healthy people do involve in activities only after proper knowledge and understanding things whether it is really worthy investing time in it. They clearly estimate the practical, financial, mental and physical circumstances of activity and decide if it is suitable for them. From eating preferred food, sleeping on time, spending self time or enjoying with friends and family, they are very particular and they handle situations prioritising their health in first place making them live disease free. 3. BEING UNATTACHED TO SENSORY PLEASURES *VISHAYESHU ASAKTHA* Healthy people are unattached to their sensory pleasures often receive critics from surrounding people that they are not enjoying their life to fullest. This makes the difference, they are not actually wasting their time of life but they are on their work mode, on their way to achieve something big which make them really happier more than these sensory pleasures and this happiness makes them disease free. Being unattached to sensory pleasures is not an easy task, but not impossible. Gradually gaining knowledge about what is happening with our senses and realising it is normal for our senses to get attracted to their respective sensory objects and slowly moulding them the way useful to future growth is everyone should learn to do. 4. INVOLVED IN “GIVING” TO OTHERS *DATHA* Giving anything to anyone without expecting something in return is a divine activity. It is not everyone’s cup of tea. It needs some mental stability and physical health to do that. This proves Disease free life also need a sound mental health. Healthy people had capacity to control their senses and they are not attached to worldly pleasures and don’t often care about giving. They are not greedy because they are physically healthy enough to earn it again. They are not only capable of earning but their sound mental health finds a great pleasure in giving to others which is difficult to be understood by someone who can not see things clearly due to diseases of mind and body. 5. TREATING EVERYONE EQUALLY *SAMAHA* Treating everyone equally means there is no partiality while treating others. Either they are rich or poor, beautiful or ugly, thin or fat, white or black, soft-hearted or rude whatever it be, they treat everyone equally. Healthy persons often know this world is vast and built with different mindsets, different physical constitutions, different ideologies, different ways of expressions. They are versatile and often stay happy around people, they live in the moment and don’t carry emotional baggage along with them making them disease free. 6. TRUTHFULNESS *SATYAPARA* Truthfulness needs courage. Lying is easier, sometimes lying is choice made out of fear, sometimes we lie due to attachment. Whatever be the situation, it brings drama and regrets further on and you will be pulled into sensory pleasures again. Healthy people are truthful with themselves and also with others. They don’t take time for drama and regrets. They don’t focus not only on physical health but also on mental health which help them live disease free. 7. FORGIVENESS *KSHAMA* Healthy people are often forgiving because they don’t have time for hate and drama. They are very independent and often don’t care what others think about them. They are kind-hearted with sound mental health and can easily forgive others for others mistakes. 8. OBEDIENT AND SERVE ELDERS,WELL-WISHERS AND PRECEPTORS *APTHOPASEVI* Healthy ones always learn something as they are enthusiastic to explore new things everyday and they obediently ask elders, preceptors and well-wishers about their quest of life, their purpose of life and they serve them with love in return. They live a disease free life and gain more and more knowledge every single day. HOW CAN ALL THESE BE DONE? Acharya Charaka, explained the following to live a disease free life. If you have any queries regarding this article reach us @globeayush-com

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Ayurveda is a holistic science which is based on concepts like Panchamahabhutha(5 basic elements- Space, Air, Fire, Water, Earth/Land), Tridosha(Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Triguna(Sattva, Rajas, Tamas)- 3 mindsets, Shadrithu(6 seasons), Shat rasa(6 tastes), 7 Body types(Vata-pitta-kapha, vata-pitta, pitta-kapha, vata-kapha, vata, pitta, kapha) hence the subject which is standard and does not change through time. Ayurveda though old, always says, “swasthasya swaasthya rakshanam, aturasya vikara prasamanam” which means to protect a healthy one and to cure a diseased one. AYURVEDIC DIET & WONDERFUL BENEFITS Ayurvedic diet is not any simple medicinal diet that works for specific diseases but is a way of life everyone need to incorporate in their lives which not only help to protect health and prevent diseases but also excellently help heal person from diseases. Ayurvedic diet works on the principle of balancing doshas (vital energies- vata, pitta, kapha) in the body. It corrects even minimal doshic imbalances by incorporating foods that have qualities opposite to imbalanced doshas in our body and our unique body type, help us to live a quality life and disease free active lifestyle. This diet not only corrects life style changes but also provide enough strength to face seasonal changes by eliminating timely wastes from body and help faster healing and relieving symptoms of diseases. BENEFITS DOSHAS AND IT’S ROLE Vata, Pitta, Kapha are the three doshas in the body. They are basic units for survival and maintainence of body. They constantly change depending upon eating habits, lifestyle, mental health and seasonal changes. It is unique to each inividual and depends on body strength and inheritence. The combination of doshas in two and three add up four more body types i.e., Vata-Pitta, Pitta-Kapha, Vata-Kapha, Vata-Pitta-Kapha. Most of the people, ~60-70% are predominantly combined of two doshas. Single dosha predominant persons are rare ~5-10%. Equal predominance of three doshas is considered best prakruthi and occurs when your body is maintained with healthy lifestyle and eating habits since beginning. Identification of our body type helps to choose a diet and lifestyle suitable and homologous to our body constituent dosha. Mild disturbance in doshas either increase, decrease or misplacement from local site lead to disturbance in health and can lead to diseases in future. How to identify your Normal Dosha Predominance(Body Type): Choose the characters which define you from the following: VATA BODY TYPE PITTA BODY TYPE KAPHA BODY TYPE You’re Lean/ very thin, you have difficulty in gaining weight. You have moderate body i.e., not too thin or obese, you gain/ lose weight easily. You’re mildly obese and has tendency to gain weight slowly and lose weight with little difficulty. You are more wakeful i.e., you sleep less, you are physically active all day. You sweat greatly, your body has strong odor. You are predominant of good traits like respecting elders and friends. You are talkative, speak more, more explanative and extroverts in expression but you are not courageous. You defeat others in Talk and Courageous. You speak well selected words, often speak less. You are Courageous, intelligent but to some extent You have very unstable mind, you constantly search for solutions, overthink past and future, mostly stressed. You are intelligent and clever among others, brilliant in your works. You have pleasant mind and you are strong, slow in understanding but memorize for a long time. You hate cold things, always in search of warm & hot foods. You are pleased with warm and nourishing foods. You hate cold things, you always search for foods that are cooling, sweet and pacifying to your body. You like sweets the most and you often try different kinds of foods, not restricting yourselves to specific routine food. You have dry body, especially dry feet and palms. You have rough hair, nails and moustache. You have slightly coppery red palms, soles, lips, eyes, nails, tongue. You have slightly whitish greasy skin complexion, whitish eyes with reddish ends, curly thick black hair. You walk fast, grind teeth, move your legs often, wander places too much and you vision is not steady. You have wrinkled skin, may have slightly grey hairs and baldness. Your voice is pleasant, husky and attractive voice. Your voice described similarly as it is like thunder and lion’s roar. You have very prominent, bulgy veins and well seen joints. You have flabby(loose) organs, slightly yellowish in colour. You have well demarcated organs and beautifully structured and you are born beautiful. You eat a little quantity of food, many times. You have great eating capacity and like to more amount of food. You eat in moderation and not very easily tempted to foods even if you like them the most. You often suffer with problems such as cracking sounds in joints, frequent headaches, constipation & weak immunity. You often suffer with problems such as ulceration in mouth, nose bleeds and other heat issues in the body. You sleep more, you have difficulty waking up early mornings and gain weight slowly and also lose weight slowly. You can’t withstand hardships i.e., you are not easily adapted to new situations and suffer adjusting. You are short tempered, i.e., you have anger issues, you get irritated quickly and relieved quickly. You can withstand hardships and not sensuous i.e., you can adapt to new situations and adjust anywhere to any situations. You are ungrateful and unsteady in friendship. You have less friends and poor collection of wealth. You are like conquerors and possess leadership qualities, you do not easily give up easily and are not soft towards one’s who cheated on you and it’s more like a tit for tat reaction, but you are compassionate to ones who are obedient towards you. You have good friends and you are good at collecting wealth, you are grateful to one’s who help you and you show gratitude towards them for a long time but you also do not forget your enmity for long time. You will have some traits from vata, some from pitta, some from kapha. ASSESSMENT OF YOU BODY TYPE Identify your

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Introduction to nadi Nadi word comes from Sanskrit term “Nad” means hollow. Literally this word nadi means channels for the flow of energy/consciousness. Unlike other channels we can’t find these in our body.These are subtle parts of our body having no physical appearance. Like energetic irrigation leading to life. According to shiva samhita and Goraksha samitha they are about 72,000 and 3,50,000 nadis are present in our body. Types of nadis In these mainly we will discuss 3 nadis namely “Ida”,”pingala”,”sushmna”. These nadis originate in the muladhara and travel up the Spine.Ida and pingala are mirror images of each other .The Ida nadi is known as left channel because it flows to the left as it leaves the muladhara Chakra and runs to the left nostril. Like that the pingala nadi is known as right channel because it flows to the right as it leaves the muladhara Chakra and runs to the right nostril. Sushmna runs along the spinal cord in the center through the seven Chakras and ends at crown of the head .By combining of these 3 nadis appears like ‘CADUCEUS’ emblem ( except that wings). In that two serpents will merely represents Ida and pingala nadis . That rod represents sushmna . Brief description Ida nadi Ida means “comfort” in Sanskrit .Also known as Chandra nadi . pingala nadi Pingala means “oranga” or “tawny” in Sanskrit. Also known as Surya nadi . IDA Pingla More Ida dominating then which impacts on right hemisphere of the brain because energy flows alternatively and If pingala is dominating then which impacts on left hemisphere .some blockages may occur to these nadis which can be removed by nadi Shodana pranayamas . modern aspects Right brain – activities include focused on art and creativity, imagination,emotional,enjoys creative storytelling, occasionally absentminded,prefers fiction. left brain – activities include focused on facts ,planned and orderly,prefers nonfiction, math and science minded ,logical,realism predominates. These few words can interpret the relation between nadis and hemispheres.which are subtle parts of our body having no physical appearance. sushmna nadi If both these nadis is in balance conditions then the energy flows in sushmna nadi which runs base of the Spine to crown of the end. Sushmna means “Joyfull mind ” or “most gracious mind ” in Sanskrit. If sushmna is activated then a person is able to heighten it’s capability to a different level where he can lead prosperous healthy and peaceful life due to dominance of kundalini Shakti. Related letter – M ( makaram ) Colour – yellow It having names Triveni , Bruhata nadi,bramharandra ,Mahapatra, sambhavi,madhyamarga . Blocking of these nadis can be removed by nadishodhana pranayama etc . If you have any queries regarding this article reach us @globeayush-com

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